The materials created, authored and/or prepared by NRAO are copyrighted in content, presentation, and intellectual or creative origin. Use of NRAO/AUI images constitutes acceptance of these guidelines:

1. GENERAL CONDITIONS

NRAO/AUI images may not be used to constitute, state or imply the endorsement by NRAO/AUI, the NSF or any NRAO/AUI employee of an individual, commercial product, process, service or activity.

Use of NRAO/AUI names and/or logos in publicity, promotion, or advertising is prohibited without prior written consent of NRAO/AUI.

NRAO/AUI should be acknowledged as the source of its materials, products, and technologies.

It is unlawful to falsely claim copyright or other rights in NRAO/AUI material.

NRAO/AUI shall in no way be liable for any costs, expenses, claims or demands arising out of use of NRAO/AUI images by a recipient or a recipient's distributee's.

NRAO/AUI personnel are not authorized to sign "hold harmless" statements or documents granting exclusive rights.

2. ELECTRONICALLY AVAILABLE IMAGES

Electronic products such as images and captions created and/or prepared by NRAO are copyrighted in content, presentation, and intellectual origin. These electronically available materials are considered intellectual property and are intended for use for educational, academic, and research purposes and are not intended for commercial use.

Electronic versions of images are protected by copyright as intellectual property unless noted otherwise.

1. Credit and Copyright Statements

Any use of NRAO images should include the following credit statement:

"National Radio Astronomy Observatory / Associated Universities, Inc. / National Science Foundation"

or

"NRAO / AUI / NSF".

Additional credit lines may be required for specific images.

Some images have been copyrighted by individuals. In these cases please use the copyright specified; please contact the individual if questions arise.

2. Usage Categories

Three general categories are defined for the use of NRAO images: Educational/ Research, Commercial, and Personal (Non-Profit).

In all categories, electronic products may not be used in an inappropriate manner. Inappropriate use includes but is not limited to: religious materials, gang related materials, ethnic background materials, and political information. Inappropriate use also includes derogatory use of reproductions, authorship of derivative works and other transformations of the original work. The use of images must not imply endorsement by NRAO/AUI of organizations, products, or services using the images.

1. Educational / Research Use: NRAO allows reproduction, authorship of derivative works, and other transformations of the original work strictly for educational and research purposes without further permission, subject to the General Conditions section stated above. Some examples of non-commercial uses for educational and research purposes are: academic curricula developed by teachers, research papers written by students or scholars, non-profit educational or non-profit research publications produced by authors or publishers, educational outreach activities composed by amateur astronomers and news media stories. For other non-commercial uses, permission should be obtained from NRAO/AUI.
2. Commercial Use: For copyrighted materials, permission should be obtained from the copyright owner, NRAO/AUI, prior to use. NRAO will work with vendors on a case by case basis to establish appropriate permissions for use, which in some cases may involve a fee or royalty agreement. If a recognizable person appears in an image, use for commercial purposes may infringe a right of privacy or publicity, and permission should be obtained from the recognizable person. Some examples of commercial uses are: non-educational book publications, non-news magazines, calendars, logos and retail products. Commercial vendors should submit a description of the intended use of the images to the contact address below for verification of appropriate use.
3. Personal, Non-Profit Use: NRAO allows reproduction, authorship of derivative works, and other transformations of the original work strictly for personal, non-profit / non-commercial / non-retail use without further permission, subject to the second paragraph under II.B. and the General Conditions section stated above. Some examples of personal, non-profit/non-commercial/non-retail uses are downloading images for personal posters or screensavers or as gifts for friends and relatives.

3. CONTACT

If further information or assistance is needed, please contact:

Public Information (info@nrao.edu)
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
520 Edgemont Rd.
Charlottesville, VA 22903

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